Black Cumin Seed Oilas Hepatoprotector in Decreasing SGPT and SGOT Activity and Increasing P53 Gene Expression in Sprague Dawley Rats Induced by Alloxan

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of BCSO on SGPT/SGOT levels and p53 expression in rats induced by alloxan. This study applied a post test only control group design. A total of 42 SD rats were divided into 6 groups. Group I was normal rats. Group II (negative control) was given alloxan. Group III and IV (treatment groups) were given BCSO with equivalent doses of 6.8 mg/kg and 68 mg/kg thymoquinone, respectively (BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 groups). Group V (positive control) was given vitamin C. Group VI (control media) were given DMSO. BCSO and Vitamin C are given for 1 week. Alloxan was given on 7th day, i.p. On the 8th day did blood sampling for measurement of SGPT and SGOT levels. Liver retrieval was performed on the 9th day continued immunohistochemistry staining. The average levels of SGPT/SGOT were then analyzed with ANOVA test. p53 expression was analyzed by Kolmogorov Semirnov and Levene then followed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney. Statistical tests performed on 95% confidence level. The results showed that the induction of alloxan increased levels of SGPT/SGOT. BCSO68 reduced SGPT /SGOT levels in alloxan-induced rats (p < 0.05). Both BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 increased the expression of p53 in liver tissue of alloxan – induced rats. Average percentage of p53 expression in group I to group VI were 11.12 ± 0.37; 19.24 ± 4.47; 30.31 ± 1.59; 40.43 ± 1.74; 29.67 ± 0.47; 12.02 ± 1.01, respectively. The result of statistical analysis showed the value of p < 0.05 in all groups except in group III. It can be concluded that BCSO may have hepatoprotective effect and increase the expression of p53 in the liver of alloxan-induced rats

Tingkat Kepatuhan Antihipertensi Dan Pengontrolan Tekanan Darah Pasien Rawat Jalan RS PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul, YOGYAKARTA Yang Mendapatkan Brief Counseling-5a Dan SMS Motivasional

Antihypertensive therapy requires adherence therapy to achieve therapeutic targets such as controlling blood pressure both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pharmacists in counseling interventions have been developed in the form of brief Counseling - 5A and SMS reminders. But the relationship between adherence and blood pressure control is still studied and both of them are related to many factors that can affect. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of the level of compliance antihypertensive therapy and control of blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) hypertension patients in outpatient PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul, Yogyakarta who get Brief counseling - 5A and SMS motivation.Patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups, the treatment group (n = 30) who received Brief counseling - 5A and SMS motivation, and the control group (n = 30) who received usual care (conventional counseling). Data were collected by interviews using questionnaires compliance of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), the value of blood pressure is taken from the medical record. Correlation between level of adherence and blood pressure control have been analyzed using Fisher test. The results showed the treatment group with categories adherent patients (n=25) was increase in blood pressure control by 36.67% compared with the control group of patients adherent category (n=6) only 6.67% that has control of the blood pressure on post study. In contrast to patient with adherent category, who had uncontrolled blood pressure are 46.67% (treatment group) compared to the control group 13.33% on the post study. Patients categories of non-adherent but is having control of blood pressure showed 3.33% (treatment group) and 26.67% (control group) on the post study. Although the rate of compliance in the treatment group was higher than control group on the second visit, but there was no significant relation between the level of compliance and controlling blood pressure both in control group (p=1.000) and intervention group (p=0.622) on the second visit (post). The rate of compliance and blood pressure control of patients with hypertensive was low. There were many factors such as poor of knowledge, drugs side effect, poly pharmacy, which related with level of compliance. There was no correlation between antihypertensive compliance and blood pressure control in hypertensive patients ambulatory PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital, who get Brief counseling – 5A and SMS motivation. Therefore it is necessary to do further research to identify factors that influence to improve patients' awareness in the management of hypertension

Counseling and Motivational Short Text Messages Increase Adherence and Behavioral Changes in Patient with Hypertension

Background: Patients with hypertension often fail to achieve treatment goals of controlling their blood pressure, hence they fall onto the condition of uncontrolled hypertension. In addition to counseling and patient-education programme, an enhanced methods of intervention is needed by pharmacist to increase patient adherence and commitment in taking antihypertension medicine. Motivational intervention has not been widely used by pharmacist in conducting pharmaceutical care to patients. Objective: This research is aimed to understand the effect of motivational counseling and short text messages (SMS) with adherence and behavioral changes in outpatient with hypertension at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Bantul, Yogyakarta. Methods: Sixty patients who meet the inclusion criteria was divided into two groups, which were experimental group (n=30) who received motivational counseling and SMS, and control group (n=30) who received usual care. Data was collected by interviews, behavioral questionaire, adherence questionaire using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), and blood pressure measurement according to the medical record. Results: Trans theoretical model (TTM) was used in this research. Stages of behavioral changes were divided into pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, and action. Result showed that pharmacist intervention, using motivational counseling and SMS as reminder, contribute to an increase of patient adherence and action stage of behavioral changes in the experimental group by 50% compared to 20% in the control group (p=0,035). Increase of adherence as much as 83,33% was seen in experimental group (p=0,000). A bigger decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) was also seen in the experimental group compared to control group (SBP=15,37 vs 1,27mmHg), (DBP=6,73 vs 0,43 mmHg) on their second visits. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that motivational counseling with SMS as a reminder and motivation by pharmacists in hypertensive patients give a positive influence on behavioral changes that improve adherence, and increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure control

Nilai Panss-ec Dan Gaf Pada Pasien Gangguan Mental Psikotik Yang Diterapi Atypical-atypical Dan Atypical-typical Di Rsj Grhasia YOGYAKARTA

Sekitar 7% penduduk Indonesia mengalami gangguan mental psikosis. Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta merupakan daerah kedua tertinggi tingkat kejadian psikosis dengan angka 10 per 1000 penduduk dan yang dirawat dirumah sakit jiwa dengan gangguan skizofrenia sebanyak 80%. Respon terapi pengobatan pasien dengan gangguan jiwa seperti skizofrenia dapat dilihat dari perbaikan gejala yang dapat diukur melalui parameter seperti The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC) dan Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), kedua parameter ini merupakan variabel penting yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil penilaian secara obyektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai PANSS-EC dan GAF sebelum dan sesudah diterapi atypical-atypical dan atypical-typical. Desain penelitian kohort prospektif. Kriteria inklusi pasien usia dewasa (18-65 tahun), sedang menjalani rawat inap, mendapatkan terapi atypical-atypical dan atypical-typical dan memiliki data yang lengkap. Data didapatkan dari rekam medis dan dianalisis dengan tes univariat untuk menggambarkan distribusi pasien. Pengujian bivariat untuk membandingkan dan menghubungkan nilai PANSS-EC dan GAF. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 32 pasien terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai PANSS-EC sesudah diterapi turun secara signifikan (p=0,001) dan nilai GAF naik secara sigfnifikan (p=0,001) namun tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok terhadap pasien gangguan mental psikotik di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Yogyakarta

Aktivitas Anthelmintika Ekstrak Etanol Dan Ekstrak Kloroform Rimpang Bengle (Zingiber Purpureum Roxb.) Terhadap Cacing Ascaridia Galli Schrank Secara in Vitro Beserta Profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis

Purple ginger (Zingiber Purpureum Roxb.) could be use as therapy for ascariasis. Theanthelmintic activity test by in vitro has been tested to get the validity of the effect. The maincomponents of the test is powder of purple ginger rhizoma which had been extracted bypercolation method with ethanol and maseration method with kloroform. Anthelmintic test had beendone by immersion method. The Ascaridia galli Schrank was soak in natrium chloride 0,9 %,pyrantel 0,125 %, extract ethanol 0,702 %, 1,404 %, 2,808 %, 5,616 % and exstract kloroform0,644 %, 1,288 %, 2,576 %, 5,152 %. From the test it could be concluded that the extract has theanthelmintic effect. The result evolution had been done by one way ANOVA method (